From control_principle to control_currency

Regime money is a currency to control, inseparable from employment/wage/job slavery. By the Maxwell demon control_principle from physics, loss of energy at the individual layer creates a caste_system above and entails accumulation of energy above. High energy above is high rate of change above, is regime_chaos, to the detriment of the individuals. Losing control is being a victim: obviously it backfires.

[control_principle]: All living systems and beyond are based on the Maxwell demon control_principle. Their structural complexity is a freezing of control/harvesting dependencies (cooling).

[control_currency] Money the control_currency: The enforced taxation (money_deletion) associated with all economic activities enforces labor for the regime, to acquire the money created by the regime (money_creation). The value of fiat money is based on the Monopoly_on_violence of the regime. Corporations are an unlimited extension of the regime’s limited intelligence to extract value_creation from its subjects. A regime’s ownership of its subjects is licensed to the corporation owner/s. Like the regime itself, corporations are no_limit wealth accumulation/extraction structures, overtaking the regime itself, becoming the regime (plutocracy). The loss of individual control due to enforced harvesting has evolutionary consequences for humanity as a whole.

[limiting_control] The way out of wealth accumulation can only be bottomup limiting_control from individuals. Victim or not is a matter of contract: The contract needs establish control and not money. Money is not fundamental, not important, but control is. limiting_control demands awareness of the majority, and can make a regime stable by statistical mass.

On wording:

locality_principle

Energy has local origin, but can get lost over time, freezing local activity (local structures).

control_principle

The use of energy lost from more local realities.

regime

Polity is a neutral word for a higher layer social control structures. But I prefer the word regime. It emphasizes the control structure. It also better separates those who control (elite) from those controlled (subjects). The word state in English has too many meanings, most outside politics. State as political entity also conflates people living in a state with the regime in that state.

control_currency

Enforcing demand for money allows the regime to control via money. Money is a tactics (softpower) to hide hardpower.

fiat_money

Enforcing taxes with all activities a subject does, the money becomes valuable for the subject.

money_deletion

Tax to delete money via economic activities and inflation to delete inactive money.

money_creation

By enforcing money_deletion the regime’s money becomes necessary, allowing continued control/usage of subjects by money_creation. While there are regulatory restrictions linking taxes/bonds with budget, money_creation and money_deletion conveys the basic idea.

value_creation

value means price. Value_creation from the standpoint of the regime is tax creation: more money_deletion allows for more money_creation.

theory_of_value

In valuation/pricing the control power manifests itself. Labor valuation (LTV) vs market valuation (STV) to harvest the difference (surplus) instead of Same_market_valuation.

surplus

Surplus is a euphemism for wage_slave harvesting. By separating labor valuation from market valuation instead of same_market_valuation, the regime/corporation can harvest the difference. This is the surplus.

same_market_valuation

Taking part in economic life requires both, consumption and contribution, to be valuated by the same market.

work_for_control

Work for control on same_market_valuation, not directly for regime money. You get regime money via your share on the market value of your joint product.

corporation

The popular term company is too general. Corporation being a legal person means that they are part of the regime.

wage_slave

Wage_slave for employee emphasizes the lack of control due to this role, even for long-time cooperations, the loss of the link to the market, and the associated no_limit accumulation of wealth/control.

caste_system

I use this name to emphasize that social layers of control are quite stable over many generations.

devide_and_conquer

Corporations divide people into a local communities, to decouple them from the market. Hiding market valuation and impose lower own valuation, allows the corporations to harvest the difference.

r_vs_g

$r > g$ return of investment (ROI) greater than growth of product and services (GDP, g) is due to labor pricing and value pricing not by the same market. Seeing money as a control_currency, growth g also including capital flow to the rich (like rent of flats owned by rich), this is not seeing the full extend of wealth driven wealth accumulation. It looks like an innocent whitewashing of actual harvesting.

no_limit

Accumulation of wealth via corporations is without limit because one can just add another wage_slave to harvest. This no_limit accumulative characteristic is also there for regimes. Those controlling don’t have any objective other than increase control: power_fixation, roi_fixation

power_fixation

regimes waging war just to increase the power of one or very view individuals

roi_fixation

ROI fixation leads to depletion and destruction of resources without actual need.

limiting_control

Individuals not limiting_control become victims of control (regime/corporations).

check_and_balances

limiting_control

intelligence_is_control

Intelligence is control. Curiosity is the generalist’s way to learn to control during lifetime. But not protected local control (farming, technology in general) will be harvested (warfare technology). limiting_control is as important as controlling.

wealth_inequality

By the control_principle control centralization is wealth accumulation. And vice versa wealth_inequality is control centralization (loss of democracy).

limits_of_control

Regime_chaos

Regime_chaos

Reality is local (locality_principle) and the regime has limited intelligence. Enforcement of money without responsibility or ability to distribute, at the end of the regime’s creativity to harvest individuals, use as cannonfodder is often the easiest way to maintain regime control.

hardpower

Regime’s are established by hardpower, but need softpower to become manageable.

softpower

Psychological tactics to make someone wanted to be controlled: psywar/informationasymmetry/gaslighting/brainwashing/propaganda/curryingfavor. A word not objected can quickly become reality.

keep_them_poor

The regime’s goal is not a good economy, but control. Keeping subjects poor produces a dependent on regime money.

keep_them_busy

Intelligence is control, but also needs time. Taking away the time from the subjects, their intelligence to counter regime control is reduced.

physics of control

Energy is rate of change. Action is accumulated change.

Here some synonyms of action:

Spacetime

Spacetime conveys that space (what changes) and time (the change) are physically one. Splitting spacetime into space and time is a mind thing and not physical.

variable

The values of the variable are changing, implying both the exclusive states and their change. A mind variable is physically happening/real in the mind but might not be mappable to an external world physical equivalent even if intended.

particle

Particle refers to one spacetime (the particle) among many similar (layer). “This spacetime consists of lower layer spacetimes” = “This particle consists by lower layer particles”.

Between layer’s: The lower layer’s action change is this layer’s step/quantum (Hamiltonian $H$) by which this layer’s spacetime emerges (Lagrangian). The Lagrangian is a 2D variable, the components being called potential energy $U$ and kinetic energy $T$

While there are more $q_{i}$ changes observable (collectively named just $q$), they are components of one change in a 2D deterministic spacetime $L = T - U$ line. Nature does not do a $q_{i}$ projecting to 2D, but rather relation between the many lowest layer 2D spacetimes produce the mental 3D world. With many independent localizations, layers of changes, the actual world around us is high-dimensional, with a 3D substrate.

The action $S = \int Ldt$ is the full spacetime extension of a potential-kinetic-cycle. In an independent cycle the action is constant. Constant action leads to the equation of motion (Euler-Lagrange Equation):

$$F = \frac{dp}{dt}$$

$$F ≔ \frac{\partial L}{\partial q}$$

$$p ≔ \frac{\partial L}{\partial\dot{q}}$$

Every spacetime particle is curved by $F \neq 0$. $F = 0$ corresponds to no change, which is synonymous to non-existence.

In the real world of layers, $S$ is not stationary. It changes in $H$-steps lost to the layer above: $\frac{\partial S}{\partial t} = - H$. The local Lagrangian becomes part of another change (dependent on another time) and its 2D curve is not a cycle any more, a spiral possibly, unless the loss is compensated by an equivalent gain from yet further down, keeping a particle busy with turnover from below to above.

The layer above has the same description, but with

• different action $S$
• different time extension $\tau = \frac{S}{H}$
• different space extension $\lambda = \frac{S}{p}$

Hamiltonian $H$ is the layer’s time unit. Momentum $p$ is the layer’s space unit. It follows a layer-specific speed $v = \frac{\lambda}{\tau}$ linking space and time via layer specific $\lambda = v\tau$.

Special relativity is basically the relationship between layers, totalling lowest layer spacetime creation speed to $c$: $\left( \frac{E}{c^{2}} \right)^{2} = \left( \frac{p}{c} \right)^{2} + \left( m_{0} \right)^{2}$. Total mass is $m = \frac{E}{c^{2}}$. $m_{0}$ is the masses from layers below.

$q$ is a parameter, an observable. It could be money/wealth.

• Force $F$ would depend on money $q$.
• Momentum $p$ would be due to money flow $\dot{q}$.
• The Euler-Lagrange equation then say: Change in money flow is (due to) force at that wealth state.

Where is the link to reality? The valuation/pricing. If the valuation is concentrated, there will be no cycles, but fast cooling: harvesting to exhaustion, then move on.

control_principle

The loss of energy/time up the layers is a cooling process, gradually, over many cycles. A Maxwell demon control_principle is the usage of the loss of lower layers. The evolution itself, every cell, every higher organism, the animal/human brain and social structures are Maxwell demons. Control is physically the work to channel change, energy flow, possibly creating cycles spanning layers, creating new layers, forming complex living organisms, possibly just harvesting lower layers to exhaustion.

Intelligence_is_control: By evolution, the intelligence of a control structure is measured by its ability to live longer. This principle is encoded in genes. Specifically for the animal/human intelligence line, changing environments favoured the generalist strategy requiring higher individual intelligence and curiosity to learn in an individual’s lifetime.

While the structures of control are called life, it is actually a process of energy loss and cooling and eventual death. Controlling is living, being controlled is dying. Control concentration (power) is thus the consequence of the individual’s inability to keep its living energy, falling prey to harvesting.

• control_principle: Old intelligence of control says: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God …” Ethics is a euphemism of regime propaganda: Centralized, dogmatic, softpower.
• locality_principle: The word is not reality.

Regarding money:

• Propaganda: money measures labor
• Reality: money measures control/leverage/ownership

locality_principle

The control_principle is linked to the locality_principle:

• locality_principle: Action is localized and involves time to produce space. Time and space are inseparable. There is no space existing unless local where some action happens.
• control_principle: harvesting of energy/time from layers below is loss of local energy. Energy lost from layers below creates layers above. Special relativity basically says, time lost is less local time.

locality_principle from a human individual:

• Reality is local.
• Try to verify/falsify a description, as description is not the real thing. verificationfalsification.
• Don’t confuse a word with reality.
• Everybody has its own brain to judge, valuate, plan.
• Evolutionary heritage of individual control: emotions (One feels better in a local world, having things under control).
• Local control for local matters.
• Respect for local matters requires protection for local matters.

Intelligence_is_control: farming, warfare, technology

Transitioning now from physics to human economy, the rise of harvesting techniques lead to the caste_system within human society (the layers above).

The big brain of humans compared to other animals developed before the neolithic revolution, putting them at the top of the food chain, within the larger and older control idea of evolution. In the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic some realized that they did not have to follow herds, but could control them locally.

Large language families hint to a localized starts, with first examples about 12k BP (before present). These people lived without regimes for a long time. Without detail to local realities, actual empires emerged only 5k BP. That is 7k of prospering without empires. The age of empires since then is less. Empires prospered on slavery (meaning broadly controlled humans of various degrees): The high energy harvesting is reflected by the high range of change: We have had now 5k high rate change in the empires layer. It also had evolutionary consequences, the Y-chromosome bottleneck: those harvested could not reproduce.

The empires are linked to a new technology: bronze could produce better weapons. The farmers were not able to protect themselves. With empires farmers started to be harvested. There is no such thing as surplus. Farmers were forced to produce more.

The regime was mostly an individual king able to team up with warriors to have enough brute force (hardpower). With more control the regime’s continuation depended on the ability to organize the control, to record what is under control.

• The first scripts were invented
• Money was invented

Intelligence_is_control means all kind of intelligence from control processes within cells, to plant, to animals with brains, emotional control, rational control of animals, including humans. This information processing technology is what a lot understand as intelligence in a more specific comparative sense. Also the purpose of this information processing intelligence is to control (intelligence_is_control).

softpower/propaganda/diplomacy: A regime is a thinktank: word/writing/money is necessary

• to align the understanding within the elite, within the bureaucracy
• and to be consistent over time
• to influence the subjects, especially via religion
• keep_them_busy (wagesslave/games/social media/information distraction/overloading)

New technologies:

• farming
• machines/massproduction
• books/media/computers/internet/artificialintelligence

New harvesting:

• hardpower/warfare/oppression/coercion
• softpower/writing/money/propaganda/diplomacy/media

Neolithic revolution, industrial revolution, information revolution is harvesting by central design. The technology grew locally, by ingenious tech people, scientists, but was then mass-exploited, allowing the controlling class, the elite, to grow, producing layers above, with slow freezing of control/use structures. Nowadays basic value work needs to support a big control hierarchy above (caste_system).

No_limit harvesting as a game: Writing, money, mathematics are optimizations of control, be it technical control or political. It allowed to build on previous generations, becoming accumulative. Politically the power accumulation led to big empires. no_limit refers to the fact that the control does not aim to maintain an individual or local family. The no_limit accumulation characteristic is inherited to corporations, a regime’s control extension ([no_limit]).

regime_chaos

Written history was unstable, disrupting individual matters by catastrophic events like wars, revolutions, famines, economic chaos, in summary, inflicted by control from above: regime_chaos.

The regimes harvest the individuals and thus have a lot of energy, energy being equivalent to change/variability. The energy is used to increase control:

• hardpower/expansion/wars
• softpower/propaganda
• surveillance/consolidation of power

The leader/regime has little risk, because the risk is delegated to the subjects. The subjects fight the wars.

Regime_chaos is not a decision of the regime, it is rather the conflict between control_principle and locality_principle (limits_of_control):

• The regime has its own locality: The Regime does not know about the plans of its subjects. The result is chaos.
• Subjects have their own locality, because not harvested to death. The regime does not harvest to death, but wants to continue harvesting. Fighting the regime is very risky. Subjects might lose the little life they have.
• Subjects being harvested have little energy/time. Subjects are busy serving their regime. Subjects cannot muster unite force to counter the central thinktank.
• Softpower: The majority of subjects can be programmed by propaganda.
• Hardpower/violence: There is also surveillance and violent oppression to nip resistance in the bud.

Softpower

Religion showed how to do softpower:

• carefully select the narrative
• repeat phrases without much meaning every week in the Sunday mass. People will continue cycling the words in their heads as if they were reality, as if they were their own words.

Regimes do the same via Olympic games, or song contests, or national days, to keep an idea of political states in the heads of the subjects. Tribal in-group/out-of-group thinking from the time before the neolithic revolution can be put to use by the regime. This softpower is a lot less effort for the regime than hardpower. Being harvested, people have no time to think things through and are victims of softpower.

The thinktank intelligence power of the intelligence service of a regime is hard to compete with, unless uniting to compete with it. Keeping people busy with games or social media reduces intelligence: less time to learn, less time to plan alternatives.

Tech people want to control tech out of pure curiosity. “Look, what I can do?” “Wow. I’m impressed. Then you can help me” There are those folks, who have developed the intelligence to live on tech folks a long time before the start of civilization. Tech folks, living in a their tech focused mindset, succeeding to harvest lower level very well, were caught by surprise to see themselves being harvested to such extend.

In the meantime those who control have developed their own technology, the psychology of control. Tech folks are harvested to burn-out, became the providers for a huge caste_system above, and all they get is more and more demanding masters, competing with each other for more control. Tech folks, scientists, never intended a social benefit (propaganda term of those controlling). They were harvested for control and power. “Knowledge is power” for those who’s only goal is power, and that power turns out to have no social benefit at all: just a game to harvest more. If someone talks about social benefit, social contract, ethics, it is a central figure’s propaganda to become more powerful.

The laws, in principle applying for all, do allow registering as corporation. By providing corporation as ownable legal entities, you have the choice, whether you like to be controlled or control. Intelligence is control, so it is natural selection

• wanting to be controlled (the slave, the henchmen, the minions)
• controlling (the master, the villain)

So regarding wealth_inequality the regime is saying: it is not us to blame if some want to control and others want to be controlled.

It is not just George Orwell’s 1984 big brother, it is also the happiness of the Brave New World of Aldous Huxley, and the psychohistory of Asimov and, on the controlled side ,the Zombies and the Morlocks. Now the control psychology has its own infrastructure, with the channels to almost all via social media, combined with AI, they target the fast amygdala, suppressing the cerebral cortex (keep_them_busy).

Propaganda is all that is not in your local world. A regime name, i.e. a nationality, is a just a word producing links between unknown people where there is no reason to, or produces discrimination, where there is no reason to. It is all just a central narrative, and all the zombies follow, and even kill unknown people in wars, because of a word.

Money

Money is the most important instrument of control or a regime. That is also why its usage is enforced. One needs the regime money to survive.

Money can be considered softpower due to its technicality: an instrument allowing unfair valuation/pricing discrepancies (informationasymmetry). Money has also the hardpower backing of the regime’s Monopoly_on_violence.

Money goes back to the first regimes at the end of the neolithic revolution, beginning bronze age, as bookkeeping records of the elite. Money is central to control, since the beginning of civilization. Money measures control/leverage. Money is a control_currency.

money_creation, money_deletion; value_creation

After having established and consolidated the control structures, money becomes the perfect means of control by the regime. It is unlike other assets by the fact that the regime can create it so easily, just a command, just a word, just a number. Zero effort to create money but so much control in using it. Money is an order of the regime.

Money has no inherent value. Actual value_creation is by activities, by work, by labor. The regime must make sure it can buy labor with the money it creates. How does the regime motivate/enforce labor with money? The regime associates taxes to all activities individuals depend on. In order to do these activities people need to labor. This way people associate money with value (fiat_money).

These are inseparable:

• regime
• money
• wageslavery

Regarding taxes: A transaction between buyer and seller could use any currency. They could use their own “IOU” note. There would be no need for a third party, the bank, as the agent of the regime. But that is not allowed. The regime enforces the use of its money, by associating a tax based on a price in the regime’s currency. This way every transaction does need the regime’s currency.

If taxes are enforced to impose a valuation via its money, to then provide that money in exchange for work based on central valuation, one sees the shift from hardpower to softpower. If the taxes and the wages are undisputed because of hardpower, what is disputed is the how much: theory_of_value.

• Labor theory of value (LTV): Regime fixes the labor price and other prices will adapt.
• Subjective theory of value (STV): the valuation is local, to keep one’s control or the surviving. Valuation market: decentralized valuation by many, using their local contexts.

Wealth_inequality, no_limit accumulation, is due to not fully transitioning to market economy. Regimes/Corporations still split individuals into local groups

• with imposed lower than market valuation
• with the purpose to harvest them

The regime imposing valuation by wage makes money measure control (control_currency). The actual valuation by the market results in the no_limit accumulation characteristic.

Same_market_valuation: If the product market were to valuate both, the contribution/work and the product, then the individual would be part of the market and not a wage_slave. Such distribution of valuation control would produces a more fair wealth distribution. Control distribution = wealth distribution.

The fact that fair cooperations are rather rare hints to regime softpower suppression. Regimes and subsequently their corporations oppose contracts involving profit sharing, because they want to keep control.

In valuation/pricing the control power manifests itself, money outs itself as currency of control (control_currency). Pricing is not a fair seller-buyer agreement, but rather an enforcement by title/power, and very subjective (STV = subjective theory of value). Boss pricing of labor, pricing local in space and time, price discrimination by buyer, predatory pricing to eliminate competition, informationasymmetry, lock-in leverage, political price making by leverage, without alternative, without competition. Central regime labor valuation (LTV = labor theory of value) is linked to money_creation. The regime tries to control both. STV to LTV is like locality_principle to control_principle.

Officially though in an otherwise non-coercive, non-violence society, the valuation is by agreement, by contract, assuming everybody valuates to keep its local word running.

Understanding topdown control and limiting_control bottomup depends very much on independent thinking and valuation.

A regime controls a big part of the economy with its money, on the average about 50%, especially in sectors that are key for control.

Historically, only a lot of time after the idea of money by regimes, private money lending emerged, e.g. in ancient Rome. Although money is a very essential part of the regime’s power, it demands expertise to avoid hyper-inflation, which would equate to loss of power to the regime. A regime delegates the money guarding to the central or federal bank, with some independence to keep the inflation at about 2%. The central bank controls the commercial banks.

With private loans, money_creation is not any more a regime privilege:

• Vertical/exogenous money is created by the central bank on regime instruction, and deleted by taxes. The deletion of the money is associated with every economic activity, buying food, having a place to live, … The imposed deletion of the money is essential in forcing people to labor for new money.
• Horizontal/endogenous money is created by a commercial bank loans and deleted by repayment. The value/asset is given by the promise of the debtor: the creditor (commercial bank) must verify credit-worthiness. Horizontal money generation is 2 to 5 times the regime budget. The regime uses it, too, to some extend, as liability in addition to bonds.

value_creation vs money_creation: Price arbitraging, while creating money for an individual, is money circulation/value_creation, not money_creation.

The technicalities of money_creation vary. In the Eurozone vertical money_creation is:

• ECB lending to commercial banks with key interest requires bank securities based on assets. Commercial banks create horizontal money, i.e. loans to individuals or corporations (debtors). The promises of repayment of the debtors are assets.
• ECB buying state bonds directly (called quantitative Easing)

Bonds are tradable loans.

• Government bonds: in the secondary market, not directly from the member state.
• Corporate bonds

Inflation

Taxation of economic activities would not delete inactive money, saved money sitting in private accounts. Inflation is the devaluation of money to tax/delete also unused money. This should drive private money usage but more importantly it allows regime money_creation and thus control, even though there is enough money around. An inflation of about 2% is wanted by the regime.

The inflation drives economic activity (keep_them_busy)

• by consumerism, and thus creates more money_deletion than just the 2% of inflation. Money_deletion allows the regime to do more money_creation, to do more control: money_deletion is value_creation.
• by active investment into scarce asset, driving their prices up

Neither product demand no product supply do change that much in a year. Rather inflation is the result of

• regime extra money_creation and
• market pricevolatility

The regime drives inflation by extra money_creation per year (money_creation - money_deletion).

• In calm times the extra money_creation corresponds to the key interest: Having to pay back more than is circulated per year due to the key interest, demands a corresponding extra money_creation per year.
• If inflation is driven by the market, the regime cannot do the extra money_creation, to make the key interest take money out of circulation. So unwanted inflation reduces the control power of the regime.

Key interest is about 2%:

• EU: ECBDFR, lending ceiling and floor
• US: IORB

Inflation beyond the wanted 2% is subdivided into demand-pull and supply-push.

• Supply-push inflation: Regulatory volatility/chaos from many regimes in a global market produce pricevolatility (tax changes, tariff changes, regulation changes for various sectors, etc). To avoid loss in the supply chain the maximum price is used for calculations.
• Demand-pull: Higher employment, more equal distribution, but also inflation driven consumerism and driving asset prices up as alternative to inflationary money

Both are due to too fast changes in supply and/or demand. Fast changes can only happen due to regimes, inter-regime instability, natural catastrophes, as people by themselves, uncoordinated, have too much statistical mass to be unstable.

Wages of the nocontrol wage_slave society normally do not catch up to inflation. So a very large portion of population gradually falls below subsistence even with a job. Inflation increases the harvesting.

Over a longer period gradually the part of the population that cannot take part in the economy gets bigger. The economy shrinks.

Unemployment

Unemployment is inherent to the regime harvesting system, even if a regime aims at full usage / full employment of its subjects. The regime must keep a certain percentage of unemployment. New or growing businesses could not grow without labor availability. Unemployment money is to keep individuals alive to be harvested when needed.

Reasons for unemployment beyond the wanted percentage:

• topdown control means high churn at the corporation layer due to no_limit accumulation
• over-harvesting/under-valuation. A big portion of low income society reduces demand and slows the economy.
• More wealth concentration also reduces investor intelligence, making an economy incapable to innovate

Unemployment is a symptom of regime chaos, of its limit of control, of its lack of responsibility. In some regimes unemployed people get homeless people: that is harvesting to death. Some regimes admit their responsibility and provide a universal basic income (UBI). An UBI can help to keep essential sectors of the economy alive, alleviating the lost demand due to wealth_inequality. An UBI also alleviates social unhappiness due to over-harvesting, which might lead to political turmoil.

Regime_chaos: Since plutocracy is high accumulate power of regime money by private owners and high influence on regime to save the money from taxation, the regime loses control on money_creation and thus becomes unable to maintain people between corporation havesting cycles. The regime might lose its stable cycling and spiral to a collapse.

Accumulation without limit

Regime money can be used by everybody that owns it, to buy labor and the products of labor. By currency exchange, businessmen and even other regimes, can buy labor in other countries. So the money acquired a value for everybody by the control of a regime.

A new world of control emerges, using the regime’s control_currency to control.

The few in the regime could not think of all things that can be done with the wage slaves. That’s where corporations as legal entities step in. The regime delegates control, simply because it could not control so many activities. A corporation embodies a purpose wage slaves can be used for. A corporation is a control-by-wage license from the state.

• The regime owns its subjects.
• A corporation ownership of wage slaves as an extension of the regime’s ownership of its subjects. Regime ownership titles are not all equal. Private corporation ownership has its own regulations to comply to.

Ownership of land was a question of survival since the neolithic revolution, but was probably not that important earlier. Ownership did involve time, that limits the ownership, that limits the control. Ownership of other people’s labor is quite another thing: There is no_limit any more, as everything is forwarded to wage slaves. Coordination work, working out ideas, can all be delegated to wage slaves.

Maxwell demon control_principle is profitable.

• Distributing control would be distributing wealth.
• More control concentration is more wealth accumulation.

By giving to some control and making others controlled (wage slave), corporations are the regime’s design of accumulation to those who control. The accumulation is without limits and thus an instability by design.

Corporation ownership is a title, a tag, that entitles to harvest the wageslaves. Value_creation is by labor, but harvesting profit is by title, controlled/protected by the regime. This produces a caste_system of control, by design of the regime, on top of which sits the regime itself.

More general, ownership on all kind of so called assets, not just corporations, but also on contracts, on mortgages, on insurances, on pieces of art, on apartments, …, indirectly are also harvesting licences.

• Higher castes acquire money by ownership, characterized also by higher yield, higher return of investment (ROI)
• The lowest caste acquires money by work, characterized by menial drudging with low yield. To unite to have leverage on their valuation would help them, because money is leverage, not labor. There is nothing wrong with physical and mental work. The problem is just the loss of control on their valuation to roles by central title (ownership title).

To the regime all money acquisition types are value_creation. Value_creation is defined by pricing/valuation, and not by actual usefulness. To maximize pricing one needs to maximize leverage. For the regime all value_creation is useful, even non-labor money acquisition methods, as they help the regime in money_deletion via taxes, giving the regime more control power because allowing a bigger budget, and thus allowing bigger control on the working class/caste.

Evolutionary consequences

Being a living organism is being a control system with gene mixes corresponding to kinds/species of control. Individual trajectories in the current environment are linked to the gene trajectories via reproductive success. Genes encode an individual as well as the environment.

Control that has local benefit, like the curiosity to learn one’s environment, or sexual desire, allowing a woman to control a man, was encoded in genes. Evolutionary encoding of fairness behavior (limiting_control) was a co-evolution with the tribal environment. Our psychology of control and limiting_control is still tribal, while the reality has shifted to central intelligence, making people being harvested like farmers harvest animals.

Post-neolithic harvesting of farmers led to a Y-chromosome bottleneck, starting about 5k BP and lasting almost 3k. Marriage as top-down reproduction regulation was probably to keep the caste going, as the elite depended on them. Female dispersal and hypergamy combined with male selection by beauty rather than status, allowed for some gene flow up the caste_system, just not those in the Y-chromosome. Force from the elite, e.g. Rape_of_the_Sabine_women, allowed for some gene flow down the caste_system.

Being just harvested, being just an employee/wage_slave has at stake more than personal survival. Wage slaves have an evolutionary disadvantage. Nowadays this also includes women.

• A female wage_slave has no time and energy to engage and to raise kids. The society raising kids leads to hospitalism.
• Why engage with an employee, with low wage, and unstable job.
• Reproduction with rich (hypergamy) is not possible, because marriage restricts polygyny, although sperm banks circumvent that.
• A rich female corporation owner has a hard time for hypergamy, with so many wageslaves.
• And the risk of losing income is high, if victim of the whim of bosses, with the churn between corporations striving for world domination.

Lower fertility of a society is a symptom of economic over-harvesting. Centrally controlled reproduction through marriage is not helping any more, especially not for women.

Control/power concentration has dire implications, of evolutionary scale, for the majority are being controlled, are losing living energy. Y-chromosome bottleneck is evolutionary example. The development started with farming in the neolithic (neolithic revolution) and continues with exponential dynamics. Regimes, corporations, wage slavery, are and were the biggest danger for every generation and its evolutionary lines. High wealth concentration means high dependence. A sudden change in central thinking and the dependence leads to death, via famines or wars. Centralized suppression of individual control equates to suppression of the evolution of human intelligence on the long run. It is true that the highly complex organization led to a lot more evolutionary lines surviving than among other species. But one war can end many lines very quickly. There is no statistical stability over evolutionary time, if a few individuals can control according their whims. The link to actual local genes gets lost in regime_chaos. From the evolutionary perspective, accumulation of control over evolutionary time, is equivalent to end of humankind.

limiting_control

The problem since empires, since regimes, since corporations, is the no_limit growth of structures. Regimes have reached unbelievable scale, world dominations, several times already in written history. Corporations now grow beyond the size of regimes. The no_limit characteristic is there for both, regimes and corporations.

Tribal evolution has instilled mechanisms of limiting_control: Emotions in group animals, like envy and jealousy, serve as limiting_control (inequity aversion, fairness emotion). Those who did not do limiting_control died out. That emphasizes the importance of limiting_control.

topdown

History of regimes and history of economy has shown that no_limit control is unstable.

Wage slavery, being a harvested labor, produces wealth accumulation at corporation owners. Thus the regime aims at wealth accumulation. But wealth accumulation reduces economic activity and thus taxes. Since regimes try to avoid deficit budgets, to keep inflation at 2%, wealth accumulation reduces the budget and thus the control of the regime. Why does the regime want to reduce its control? It does not, if one sees the wealthy as the regime: a plutocracy.

• Political representatives are made by the wealthy, party-internal, or via campaign support.
• Laws are made by the wealthy: lobbying.
• Jurisdiction is expensive, accessible only to the wealthy.

The little bid of democracy that is left (elections) is just a show of public mood. But that mood is also shaped by the wealthy, more so via social media.

Plutocracy is a state toward regime collapse (regime_chaos), because the regime cannot maintain a long-living cycle.

Plutocracy want people at their disposal, to work for their corporations, so keep_them_poor. Plutocracy non-goals: Economic growth by distributing wealth is not an objective, as that would take away control. Rather economic growth means wealth accumulation growth, control growth to those already in control.

To mitigate the inequality’s effect on growth a regime could do:

• Wealth taxes. How would that fit to the regime wealth accumulation by design (employment = wage_slave)? The original goal of the regime money is to control its subjects. Licensing the same harvesting to privately owned corporations takes away control from the regime to some of its subjects. This wealth concentration is like a money issuer right, without the cohesion within the regime, without responsibility to keep the value of the control_currency. If the wealthy started to spend all of their money it would lead to a huge inflation. But wealth taxes mitigate the harvesting license to corporations only if the associated additional regime spending goes to the victims of the harvesting, i.e. wealth taxes to finance UBI. The regime could do higher deficit budget based on wealth_inequality, like Gini index, without wealth taxes. But that would make the wealthy spend and drive inflation further than wanted.
• Control mitigation spending to reduce control, should
  • financing competition in high yield sectors
  • by a universal basic income (UBI) to allow people to care for local things, renovate, care for children, etc. Sectors of economy of basic importance could be kept from shrinking by an UBI.
  • spending in recreational sectors
  • spending for science and science popularization.

Due to the no_limit accumulation characteristic a corporation inherits from the regime, anti-trust, anti-collusion, no-monopoly competition laws have little effect: A corporation controlling by wageslavery bypasses anti-trust laws: It makes sense to buy the competition.

• On the production side, with mass production, not cooperating would just be plain stupid. Why not minimize costs? Let’s make a (new) corporation we own and control together.
• On the selling side, if the purpose of a corporation is to just make different packaging, different pricing for the same product? Customers hate that, see it as fraud.

Further:

• Local monopoly. There is no competition in my shop.
• Wage standards: Control is for profit, no matter what wage cost. Higher wage cost just goes into the product price and my accumulation is adjusted to meet it. Wage standards are not for the wage slaves, but to avoid an advantage of competing corporations.
• There are other regimes with lower wages, where the local regime’s standards do not apply. A corporation does not need to do human trafficking if the regimes are human traffickers already.

Inter-regime competition: Human trafficking is arbitraging regime wageslavery. Many types of labor can be outsourced to other regimes with worse wagesslave standards. The coercion to use wageslaves or to become a wage_slave comes from the use of wageslaves by the regime itself. Wage slavery is by softpower, actual slavery was by hardpower. That is the only difference. But what does it help, if the survival depends on it in both cases. Inter-regime competition are quite hard limits_of_control of the regime.

Money concentrating

• is control concentration
• is harvesting concentration
• is energy concentration
• is central change rate increase
• is instability
• is a path to economic collapse, regime collapse, wars, destructions.

Structural collapse is synonymous to civilization collapse. The sudden loss of complexity means a sudden loss of many individuals due to their dependencies. To avoid collapses one mast avoid sudden changes, one must avoid power concentration, one must avoid wealth concentration, one must avoid regimes. All change must be motivated bottomup. This makes big changes very slow. Very slow global changes are very important to avoid a civilization collapse. To transition from a regime to a stable state, organization must go bottomup.

Words are easy. Are they reality? Wealth_inequality is regularly measured and turns out to be real. Since wealth_inequality is due to controlinequality, continuing with names like “democracy” is like denying reality.

No_limit control/wealth accumulation will eventually reach a limit by collapse, unless corrected. A corrective adjustment to avoid collapse can happen only bottomup, limiting_control. The more becoming aware of the necessity

• to actively safeguard control/money and/or
• to reconquer control/money and/or
• limiting_control

the more control distribution, the better for the society as a whole, producing a natural stability. The more linking cooperation with co-controlling money distribution, the more economic link to local realities.

bottomup

Without bottomup limiting_control individuals are victims of control. Control_principle is basic and essential: basically all work is control. Regarding money, I refer to the valuation power, pricing power, over control work. Pricing by leverage destroys the value of money as a control_currency, because de-localizing money remove necessary local money (local control).

Whether a political structure is democratic or not is not linked to election, but rather on how much limiting_control comes from individuals.

• If a constitution gives power to control to those elected, it is NOT democratic.
• If a constitution restricts elected individuals to just coordinate control coming bottomup, then it is democratic.

Competing structures sometimes demand fast change, because of some new bottomup technology revolutionizing from below. An elected individual needs to observe the competition and make the local base aware. Change still must happen bottomup. Maxwell control_principle has variants:

• Slow bottomup control is placing the benefit of the individual at the center. Bottomup fits to our tribal psychology: we want to be in control, which includes agreeing to necessary changes, adapting bottomup.
• Wage slavery has not the idea of bottomup and is thus destructive to the individuals.

Energy/money lost to layers above creates structures above in many layers, a rise of complexity above, a caste_system, adding load to the value creating individuals, backfiring via the churn in the higher layers. Big inert complex dependency structures demand very stable control structures, very slow changes.

The actual competition must be on the individual level. The individual has limited time, limited intelligence, there is real competition. But individuals competing with wageslaves is making the individual a slave, too. The imposed regime wageslavery sets the standard, a no_limit wealth accumulation standard.

work_for_control tributecompany: redefining wages as tributes

In a free society cooperation offers are subject to competition, which should actually favor fair cooperations. There should be a sharing of contracts and a fairness rating between them. There are online platforms that compare product prices, but there are no such platforms for working contracts. So one can see the regime’s intention to decouple wages from market value. same_market_valuation is not practiced due to regime’s control hierarchy. Valuation is inherently part of controlling: Controll power means valuation power, means wealth_inequality.

A major step out of control accumulation would be to move from centrally controlled pricing of labor, to pricing of labor by the same market that prices the products of labor: work_for_control of profit distribution rather than for wage.

Long-time cooperation contracts should have the work_for_control principle: The control on the distribution on the market valuation (the profit). Work_for_control could also be called workfor_ownership.

Localizing control also means that central proposals of how that could be done need to be regarded as remote ideas not considering local realities.

Nevertheless here a rudimentary fantasy for a for-profit long-time cooperation:

tributecompany

Market valuation attributed to one’s contribution by the principle of same_market_valuation. You acquire ownership share by work. Ownership share is a local control_currency per company, that is exchanged with the profit shares in regime money. An easy transition is to rename and repurpose regular contribution-based payments (tributes), to not be transactional for labor, but to be ownership shares. The tributes in regime money are accounted to the partners. The ownership share is the balance relative to the sum of balances of the partner accounts. The profit in regime money from the market is distributed according ownership share at the end of the fiscal year, to all currently working and all former partners of a company. Ownership share means your share on the profit, not technical or managerial coordination. A tributecompany has a public registry of tributes and profit allowing current and former partners to verify their profit share. A good profit attracts new partners, keeping the business running, even when founders decide to move on. They can move on without suddenly losing their profit share, although over time it will get diluted.

Information, Time, Energy

Information is all. Variable, time, energy.

Summary

In the evolution blog I started from "there is no one time", rather every independent change is its own time. This already says that information is time. To say "time is all" or "information is all" are equivalent. Statements are always meant per variable.

The objective here and in the evolution blog is interpretation of physics without the details to produce mathematical consistency.

To say W = I ⁄ t is like saying that energy is time divided by time. W stands for work.

Variable/value:

Values of a physical variable are defined by time and define time for the variable. Every variable has its own information and its own time.

Cycle:

The finite number of values of a variable cycle until the variable ceases to exist. A variable has a curvature when expressed with its observables. Values exist only while occurring.

Information = time:

The information of a variable is the number of values in a cycle. I = ∫Wdt = Wt. W is constant and representing I. I cycles over a space extent in a time period t. The variable as a value (quantum) has a space-time extent.

Momentum:	p = ∂I ⁄ ∂x = mẋ.

Component of a value of a variable. Component of a time step.

Energy:	W =  − H = ∂I ⁄ ∂t.

I is constant: dI ⁄ dt = ∂I ⁄ ∂x ẋ + ∂I ⁄ ∂t = 0. The great trick is to associate the observed changes (the values) to the location where they are observed (create a field). Then one can look at a part of the system (Lagrangian L) and see the rest as potential P(x), from which information flows in: L(x, ẋ) = K(ẋ) − P(x) is an information unit (time unit) with a space direction. J = ∫Ldt counts change and ends with 0 after full cycle.

Force:	F = ∂W ⁄ ∂x =  − ṗ

Component of energy. Component of momentum change.

Levels:

A level consists of parallel variables (encapsulations of interactions or particles). The variables of the lower level become values in this level. Every level has its independent variables with own times.

Resolution:

Every level has its own information resolution. On the lowest physical level the information unit is h.

Mathematical summary:

I = τ   0 = dI ⁄ dt = (∂I)/(∂x) (dx)/(dt) + (∂I)/(∂t) ⇒ W(x, p) =  − H(x, p) = (∂I)/(∂t)   W = (∂I)/(∂t) = (∂τ)/(∂t) = f   W = (∂τ)/(∂x) (∂x)/(∂t) ⇒ W(∂x)/(∂τ) = (∂x)/(∂t) ⇒ m is W   H = pẋ − L = K + P ⎡⎣Hamiltonian: (dL)/(dt) = (d)/(dt)⎛⎝ẋ(∂L)/(∂ẋ)⎞⎠ ⇒ 0 = (d)/(dt)⎛⎝ẋ(∂L)/(∂ẋ) − L⎞⎠⎤⎦   L = pẋ − H = K − P [Lagrangian: phase of component, while constant H is for full system)   δJ = ⌠⌡⎛⎝δx(∂L)/(∂x) + δẋ(∂L)/(∂ẋ)⎞⎠dt = ⌠⌡δx⎛⎝(∂L)/(∂x) − (d)/(dt) (∂L)/(∂ẋ)⎞⎠dt   (δJ)/(δx) = 0 ⇒ (∂L)/(∂x) = (d)/(dt) (∂L)/(∂ẋ) ⇒ F = ṗ   F = (∂L)/(∂x) = (∂W)/(∂x) =  − (∂H)/(∂x)   p = (∂τ)/(∂x) = (∂L)/(∂ẋ) = (∂W)/(∂ẋ) = mẋ   W = (∂τ)/(∂x) (∂x)/(∂t) = mẋ²   P = ⌠⌡(∂W)/(∂x)dx = ⌠⌡Fdx = ⌠⌡ṗdx = ⌠⌡m(dẋ)/(dt)dx = ⌠⌡mẋdẋ = mẋ² ⁄ 2 = K   W = P(x) + K(ẋ) = mẋ²

Information-Time-Energy

Information

When we think of information we think of a language that conveys information. But first there need to be the alternatives the words of a language select from.

Our language consists of words. The word selects one of the concepts in the mind of the person we talk to. The concepts in the mind refer to real things. Tree, stone, house, ...

Dynamic systems evolve by alternatives and selection (mutation and selection). Think of the biological evolution, mind, science, economy, ... There is a creative phase and a selective phase. In human contexts they can also be called "search and find" or "trial and error" or "learn and control". But we can also point the two words to the same thing. The selection itself brings the thing into existence in the first place. Physical processes can be seen as such.

Many physical systems have no memory, but they have information. And, although we have a memory of concepts, they only become conscious those times we think of them.

But the mathematical set has operations like union and intersection. They are more complicated and can be decomposed into individual selections. The  ∈  of a set selects one element from a set. This set with only  ∈  is more fundamental. It is the ubiquitous variable. How could it be otherwise. Something so fundamental must be ubiquitous.

The variable is the foundation of mathematics, and more general the foundation of all dynamic systems.

The variable consists of values. Other words for values are alternatives or states.

A variable consists of all the values

• that occur (exhaustiveness) and
• that exclude each other (exclusiveness)

Information is the number of values of a variable.

Time

The values of the variable occur and excludes each other. In casual English one would say "a value at a time". That is exactly what physical time is.

A time step is the selection or change of value of a variable. In between selections that variable has no time.

Every variable has its own time.

A time step is a value of the variable.

Components of values ( = coordinates = observables), that change at the same time, physically constitute only one value.

Energy of a Variable

The values of a variable can occur slowly or fast. But that can only be seen, if we have another variable to compare to. Our mind has an internal clock that gives a comparison.

When we run a film in slow or fast motion, we get an idea that the time during film shooting can be seen as either slow or fast, depending on our reference time.

In other words: energy is time compared to time. The first "time" we call information or proper time.

W = (ΔI)/(Δt) = (Δτ)/(Δt)

The comparison W = ΔI ⁄ Δt is with an unrelated other variable t. This happens only in the mind. It is not physical. The other t is an arbitrarily chosen unit of information and W is the number value of information (I = Et). One can also do it in reverse, then 1 ⁄ t (Hertz, Hz) is the unit of W and I is the number value.

Energy is the rate of selection, or information rate or frequency.

In nature many variables are isolated. With just one variable the only time its own, and W = ∂I ⁄ ∂I = 1. The concept of information demands values, changes, time on its own. I itself has a proper time.

Do we need to choose another variable to have time? No. Our variable changes its values and that is the proper time of the variable. If values do not change, then there is no time and so the variable does not get into existence.

The variable thus defines:

• information
• and time

Information implies time and time implies information. Time and information are equivalent, physically. With just one variable information and time are synonyms and energy is just 1 or has no meaning.

When comparing to another variable, information implies energy and energy implies information. The comparison is often just a thing of our mind. The physical motivation for energy comes, when the selections of one variable matters with respect to the selections of another variable. The other variable is called time to distinguish it from the first variable, but that time is still information.

A physical change is looked at by arbitrary coordinates of the mind. More dx₁, dx₂, ... can constitute one physical change dI.

The value dI of a physical variable is an interaction between observables. An interaction is one time step with possibly more participants/observables.

The x_i take part in an interaction:

W = (∂I)/(∂t) =  − H =  − (∂I)/(∂x_i) (dx_i)/(dt) =  − p_iẋ_i

Cycle

As long as a variable exists a variable cycles through its values with constant rate W.

How much external time a cycle takes, depends on

• the number of values (information)
• and the rate of selection (energy)

t = (I)/(W)

Selections order the values. If the last value is reached, the selection continues with the first. This brings the first value near the last. How can you do that with one variable alone? We need to distinguish between mind variables and physical variables. Mind variables vary separately only in the mind, while physically they are only a component of a change. One physical value has more observable components, which do not vary independently and are thus not physical variables.

In two dimension you can create a circle, in which the last value is close to the first one. And indeed, nature has examples of values with two observables, think of the electric and magnetic fields in electricity or the elevation and velocity of a pendulum.

What is meant by a variable here is defined by a change, i.e. by a time step. Within one Δt changes of at least two observables combine to one.

All the value combinations of two or more observables together form a physical and inherently cyclic variable.

Levels

The physical world is layered. A level is defined by its variables and interactions.

Every level has

• an information quantum, which implicitly defines
• a typical information rate (energy)

On the physically lowest level, it is the Planck constant h:

EΔt = ΔI = h

Δt and ΔI are both information of some distinct variables. On the lowest level we have Δt = ΔI = h and thus W = 1.

ΔI also defines an acceptable deviation for a level. This is a generalization of energy levels of an electron in atom orbitals, and would be called information levels here.

One level builds on top of the other. All the cumulative changes through the levels are limited by the rate on the lowest level. Higher level changes are slower, because they involve lower level changes over more layers.

If a higher level changes faster, then the levels below need to get slower, because h itself does not change.

In higher levels the quantum of information can be quite large. One can still choose a natural unit of information for a level, like h for the lowest level.

Speed vs rate of information

W = I ⁄ t compares time with time. There is no physical space involved. So information cannot be attributed a speed in physical space.

The physical space is contained in the definition of a specific I by their simultaneous changes with the components of I along them (momenta).

If I say a word, the travel time of the word to my interlocutor and its interpretation to a concept, is one value in our interaction, in our communication. The changes (observables) of the communication partners to form and interpret the message is shared between the partners. This idea applies also to lower level physical interactions.

On the lowest level the signal speed is that of the speed of light c. On higher levels it is a lot slower (but could be called the c of the level).

c compares to an external time t already. ct removes that external time. This gives the proper time unit dI a space extent.

A value does not move from place to place, but it has a space extent, a space quantum. The components of a value are quantized. In the lowest level this is ΔpΔx = h.

The next value can occupy a different space close by. With hν photons that space is λ = c ⁄ ν away (hν = hc ⁄ λ), t = 1 ⁄ ν later (Et = hνt = h).

Higher energies cycle locally, which binds some h in a mass m. m encapsulates all the lower levels. W² = p²c² + m²c⁴. If p = 0, all the energy is within m.

The p = mẋ = h ⁄ λ attribution of smaller λ to higher momenta are due to the many parallel lower level particles averaging and producing a space precision that is not there in the single particle.

Particle

If a variable itself is closed and it takes part in a higher level interaction, then it forms a value component of the higher level variable. The value component's internal information has no information in the higher level variable, but it has internal information.

A physical variable that acts as a value in a level is sometimes called a particle. A particle is a synonym to a variable used to distinguish in specific contexts.

Particles are information quanta. Particles have or are a time extent and also have a physical space extent. So the particle is a space-time quantum.

A variable level builds on a particle level. In an interaction between people, the person is the particle. Looking at a person's thinking as a variable, concepts are the particles.

The interactions in higher levels take a longer time and involve more physical space. But the information needs to cycle during such long times, to conserve its information. There are cycling encapsulations all the way down to the lowest level, which cycles with h. Interaction in higher levels are via particles in lower levels.

A particle has its internal interactions, its internal time. Mass is another name for energy, meaning the inner cycling of a particle.

Static vs dynamic Information

Our mind/brain has its own time. We often neglects the physical time implied by a physical variable and use our brain time on the values instead, but that brain time is a different time than the time of the observed variable itself. Mind variables are also physical, because the mind is physical, but when mapping from reality, the time is replaced by that of the brain.

In mathematics the same logic can be followed by different brains, i.e. different times, different time durations. Mathematics considers variables without time, but to actually exist all these variables need to be thought, i.e. time needs to be added. Mathematics often abstracts away how the values came into existence, and that they came into existence at different times.

In a variable without time we only have the count of values (static variable). One can make the count of values using combinations of values of other static variables. We use the variable of 0, .., 9 (digit) to count or the a, .., z (alphabet) to address concepts. One could also use digits for addressing. Computers use the bit 0, 1, because that is the smallest variable one can still choose from. Since the bit is smaller than the digit, the word length is larger (100000000 vs 256).

The number of bits/digits/alphabets needed to produce the combinations I:

S = logI

S counts the unit variables to produce a value combination count. The unit variable itself counts as 1. This look is that on a level, where the variable is a value.

Between levels, when including a lower level, e.g. because the lower level matters, we transition from addition to multiplication. In the other direction, we transition from multiplication to addition, i.e. we use the logarithm.

In thermodynamic systems we have two levels. The upper level does not distinguish between all the 2^S combinations of values from the lower level.

Entropy is the upper level part in a two level system. Entropy is the count of independent variables, the molecules, whose values (timing) are compared independently (lower level energy).

The lower level part is the temperature T, which is the average energy of a molecule.

The interactions between upper level compartments would be to exchange molecules, i.e. entropy S.

Lower level temperature interaction (heat equation) is quite similar to the quantum mechanical Schrödinger equation. Both compare the time of one level with a two level process. Change and thus time happening in the upper level is due to different information rate in the lower level.

For comparison, the wave equation compares the two times of two levels (not one time) with the space components of two levels.

Temperature T is the average energy per molecule. Similarly pressure p is the average energy per volume (energy packet = particle) and V is a higher level variable that counts the lower level packets.

ST = pV

A higher level equilibrium means no time in the higher level, but it corresponds to a maximum number of lower level interactions. All the exchange of information (W) is in the lower level and at equal rate in both direction.

If more exchange were in the higher level, the lower level would have less.

The molecules have still further lower levels and they exchange information, too: via electromagnetic radiation. If the temperature increases the molecule velocity increases. Velocity alone has no energy, because it is a value, but in collisions a higher velocity means more steps to reach 0 or v. Molecule velocity change is in the thermal level. Because there is more change in the thermal level, the atom's orbital timing needs to decrease or increase, which produces discrete photon emissions or absorptions in the orbitals, but experience a random Doppler shift due to relative thermal motion, which leads to the Planck law.

Energy as Information Flow

W = ∂I ⁄ ∂t can compare the whole variable to some unrelated variable t, in which case I stays constant and the rate W = I ⁄ t stays also constant But we can also look at a part of the system, and see W = ∂I ⁄ ∂t as inflow or outflow of information (see Lagrangian below).

Adding or removing information to the system is a higher level time. If information is added to a variable, the variable becomes a different variable.

Information can exist only as cycling variables. So information is transported as information/energy packets (particles), for example as molecules of a certain chemical energy content. The molecular interactions use atoms as packets. The atomic nucleus uses nucleons as packets. Every layer has its own packets.

Every layer has its own energy, i.e. frequency of packet exchange. A variable serving as time to compare to is level-specific. Energy is expressed in a unit relevant for the level. Relevant, usable energy is level-specific.

If levels interact more levels need to be considered. If one level's frequency is called energy, then the next higher level's frequency is called power. For example, in electricity energy W = UQ is an energy of one level and power P = UI = fW is the energy of the next level.

The energy is important as a measure to express the relative rate of information exchange between systems. How fast an exchange is in comparison to the other, decides

• where the accumulation of information happens
• who survives how long

If we have only accumulation on one side, the joint system dies, when there is nothing to accumulate any more.

If there is a back and forth of accumulation, the joint system survives longer. One system is the potential energy for the other system and vice versa. The states of the joint system are the values of the system as a variable.

The exchange of information packets takes time, but that time is shared between the two systems. The time step thus makes both changes as one.

A variable is an information unit I. Comparing it to an external variable t cannot change the internal physics. Energy W = I ⁄ t is a property of the variable, not of the value, and especially not of the components of a value. To express energy as functions of values gives a wrong picture. It is an indirect mapping: value -> variable -> energy. The variable has one energy. All values just map to this energy, which is the same for all values.

Saying W = mẋ² ⁄ 2 + mgx describes the v, h observables sharing the same energy W, i.e. the energy of a variable and not of a value. Expressing W = mẋ² ⁄ 2 or W = mgx separately and as a function of values has no meaning.

The word energy is often used in the sense of information, as understood here. Here information implies time and thus also energy. That physically they are the same, is the major statement here.

Mathematics uses information in a static sense, although physically it exists only when processed by a brain. Also physics uses entropy S or mass m for static information, but according to the understanding here, this just neglects lower level dynamics (m) or this level's dynamics S. So, although not physical, to distinguish between energy and information makes sense as a tool to give a shorter description of a local context.

Interaction between Levels

"Information is time" means that information does not exist without processing. Higher level particles have more inner processing and are thus higher in low level energy. They are energy packets.

The high level interactions can be slow (low in level energy) compared to lower levels. A level has a more or less constant information rate. The parallel particles encapsulate more lower levels (animal, cell, molecule, atom, ...). Each level has information processing and thus stores energy.

Information flows between levels, too. For example, when two molecules react, they release energy to the thermodynamic level (Enthalpy ΔH). Lower level variables get destroyed to create higher level variables, i.e. higher level processing.

The Maxwell Demon (controller) works between levels. Many-level systems like living beings (microorganism, plants, animals, ...), but also companies or social structures in general use this principle of control.

The controller maps the higher level logic to a lower level, which processes faster. The lower level simulates the logic of the higher level. As the lower level is faster, it can pick high energy packets. Then the controller uses the inner energy of the high energy packet, to keep its own interactions (keep T) running or to reproduce (increase S) (change T or S in a generalized W = TS).

Higher energy packets demand for energy storage. Storage divided by consumption determines the rate of high level interaction. Higher level exchange rates are slower.

When the higher level changes its logic the controller must adapt (learn to control). Such changes are slower than the selection of the energy packets.

• The DNA in living organisms is a mapping of the ecosystem. It changes with the ecosystem or gets extinct.
• Emotions change with the availability of resources over generations.
• Rational thinking adapts within the lifetime.

That he total information flow distributes to complex levels on earth is due to slow cooling (annealing) over a long time. If W goes down, ST can keep a constant T by reducing S at a level, e.g. by making larger molecules. Systems that encapsulate, live longer in the presence of cooling. To live longer means a smaller rate, i.e. less W. The same happens in the learning brain, to the economy, and other dynamic systems.

Newton

Newton (rephrased): An object rests or moves in a straight line with constant speed, unless there is an interaction (force) with another object and that force changes both objects (actio=reactio).

A straight line would imply an infinity. There is no infinity in the physical world. Real systems always cycle until they cease to exist as system. Every curved line seems straight with enough zooming. That is why in physics one always uses manifolds instead of the flat ℝⁿ. Newton's straight line needs to be replaced by a geodesic, whose curvature is that of the components of the cycling variable.

Information implies time. Time is force. There is always a force.

Normally one looks at objects that are obviously interacting. They have a time. An isolated object does not exist. If you found one, it already interacted with you. If that interaction does not explain its behavior, you need to search for other objects it interacts with.

With the actio=reactio, it is implied that the two object's changes are observables of one change, and thus constitute one time step. The force is shared between the interacting objects.

Velocity cannot be seen or measured physically from inside its own inertial frame, so it has no information. And so it has no information from outside, neither. Velocity is a component of a value and not a physical variable. A value does have no information. Only a variable has information, and thus exists. Not even a change of velocity, as seen from the flat space of our mind, does exist, because it is a value and not a variable. And indeed within a geodesic the acceleration cannot be measured.

In the following, assuming ∂τ ⁄ ∂x dx ⁄ dt constant, demands that ∂τ ⁄ ∂x and dx ⁄ dt change in opposite directions (the minus sign). Mathematically speaking that is partial integration with vanishing integral, which is done below with the Lagrangian. Here we demand constant energy, while in the Lagrangian method constant energy follows from stationary action/information. But energy stands for information, too (W = I ⁄ t).

0  = (dW)/(dt) = (d)/(dt)⎛⎝(∂τ)/(∂x) (dx)/(dt)⎞⎠ =       =  − (d)/(dt)⎛⎝(∂τ)/(∂x)⎞⎠ (dx)/(dt) + (∂τ)/(∂x) (d²x)/(dt²) =       =  − (∂W)/(∂x) (dx)/(dt) + m(dx)/(dt) (d²x)/(dt²)     [(∂)/(∂t) (∂τ)/(∂x) = (∂(∂τ)/(∂t))/(∂x) = (∂W)/(∂x)]

Divide by dx ⁄ dt to get Newton's force law:

⎡⎣F≔(∂W)/(∂x)⎤⎦ = ma

The part in brackets is a definition of force.

To get to Newton's formula an unexplained step was used:

p = (∂τ)/(∂x) = m(∂x)/(∂t)

This is thus a consequence of Newton's force law. p = mẋ is by observation. Then it is assigned to (∂τ)/(∂x) by definition. If we do that definition, than W = mẋ² further down. The physics behind that is that ẋ and x are independent components of a time step: Δτ = mẋΔx.

That a value has components solves the vis-viva debate that was going on between Newton (mẋ), Leibniz (mẋ² ⁄ 2) and others. ∂τ ⁄ ∂x is a component of a change, i.e. of a time or information step. Time is an interaction with more partners. This leads to the concept of energy:

Also mass turns out to be a kind of energy:

W = (∂τ)/(∂t) =  − H =  − (∂τ)/(∂x) (∂x)/(∂t)   (∂x)/(∂t) = H(∂x)/(∂τ) = m(∂x)/(∂τ)

Comparisons to t are not physical, but a necessity of the mind. By comparing more observable changes to one external time t, one can relate changes and create a topology and a metric on it for a specific system.

W = (∂τ)/(∂x) (∂x)/(∂t) = m(∂x)/(∂t) (∂x)/(∂t) = mẋ²

W is the full energy. m summarizes lower level energies. With c as maximum v, there are no lower level changes possible any more, and thus mass is exactly the movement itself: m = W ⁄ c².

Mind vs Reality

Our mind is a physical system itself, and has its own time. Actually there are independent parallel processes in the mind, which have separate times. But they are compared, which creates one time and the feeling of conciousness.

A variable is defined by its values. The number of values is the information I of the variable. dI is the system change and thus the system time.

"Space" means generally the value-components of an interaction (a value), not necessarily physical space.

Values do only exist in conjunction with the variable, which exists, because it has information and time. The space values exist only when actually happening. This also applies to physical space. Our memory of physical space, for example when moving the hand through the air, is not the physical space itself.

A change can have more components within the same time. The components are mind variables, also called observables or coordinates. The mind can change them independently, i.e. give them their own time, but the physical system may not.

Comparing independent variables, results in these quantities:

• energy W = ∂I ⁄ ∂t compares times of two variables
• momentum p = ∂I ⁄ ∂x compares time with a component

Independent variables have separate times. Independent variables can exist in parallel, at the same higher level time, or sequentially.

Entropy S = logI counts parallel variables of same kind, whose actions sum up physically. S = logI is also the word length, of a language to address values of a larger variable.

A variable exists as long as its values cycle. Since the values are cyclic, there need to be at least two components to connect the last value with the first. p, x are such two conjugate components. They are called phase space to express in which phase the cycle of the variable is in. A dI time step corresponds to a ∂I ⁄ ∂x dx = pdx in the phase space.

x is a mind variable, where we can spend a lot of time looping to arbitrary precision, but the physical dI is limited by the Planck constant h. h is the smallest, lowest level, unit of counting, i.e. the smallest time unit of nature. Nature is layered, though, and every level further up has a larger time unit.

I = ψ. In the Schrödinger and the Dirac equation, it is compared to another external time t: (∂ψ)/(∂t) Time is information.

The physical world is imprecise and finite. How to describe finite systems with our infinite variables of the mind? This is done by convolution ∫ψ*ψdxdt =  < ψ|ψ > .

Any x, t our mind has finite precision. To any x, t of our mind the physical world, still and also, has imprecision. ψ summarizes both imprecisions. ψ counts how many alternative by chance states there are for a given x, t.

That a complex probability amplitude is used for ψ, allows to map whatever physical variables to two cycling meta-variables. Multiplying (convolving) with the conjugate  < ψ|ψ >  finally projects the cycle onto the direction of the observer.

The evolution in time t of I = ψ is the energy W (Schrödinger equation):

iħ(∂ψ)/(∂t) = Eψ

i because of the differentiation and ħ = (h)/(2π) due to hν = ħω.

Since I = ψ implies time, the left side is time by time. The right side is what components constitutes one time step.

In the Dirac equation the ψ has four components corresponding to the same time.

The cycling produces spin. For a photon it is the cycling between electric field E and magnetic field B and it can be mapped to x_i, t ( = x_μ) via the Maxwell equations. The E, B-cycling correspondence to one x_μ-rotation makes the photon a spin 1 particle.

If more variables are involved one cycling corresponds to more or less physical space rotations. For the Dirac ψ, one space rotation is only half of the cycle: Fermions have spin 1 ⁄ 2.

Lagrangian and Hamiltonian

The information I of a variable is its number of values. The values constitute time steps. The components of all the values form a curved space that allows the variable to cycle. Comparison to an external time, W = ∂I ⁄ ∂t, does not change I. W is a constant of motion.

Energy by itself is kinetic (K), because it is about time steps, i.e. about changes, but one can usually not consider all parts. Therefore one summarizes the remaining parts in potential energy (P) and associates it with the location of the observed part.

The Lagrangian L looks at a possibly small part of the system and measures the information flow per time from the potential part to the kinetic (.i.e. observed) part.

L(x, ẋ) = K − P = pẋ − H(x, p(ẋ))

pẋ − H(x, p(ẋ)) is a Legendre transformation.

pẋ = mẋ² is the full energy. Splitting off the non-observable part of the system half-half, makes K(ẋ) = mẋ² ⁄ 2.

L constitutes a time step in the interaction between the two systems, while H represents the information itself. H =  − W = I ⁄ t.

H(x, ẋ) = K + P

pẋ in L = pẋ − H varies over time. So L(x, ẋ) oscillates around 0. L expresses the phase of the observed components. The sum over a cycle becomes minimal, because the information exchange cancels over one cycle.

Calculus of variations produces a condition that needs to be satisfied to have stationary information, i.e. constant information.

W =  − H stays constant. ∫Wdt would count system time to infinity. L(x) = mẋ² + W = mẋ − H oscillates and returns to the same value in a cycle. J = ∫Ldt returns to the same value after one or many cycles. This is bounded and can be minimized.

With a stationary J = ∫Ldt one gets the Euler-Lagrange equation or the Hamilton Equation (further down). This corresponds to demanding that H =  − W is constant, as was done above (Newton).

In general, equations of motion (eom) produce the proper time and information I of the system (on-shell). Else we would count more than what actually constitutes one time step (off-shell).

δJ  = ⌠⌡⎛⎝δx(∂L)/(∂x) + δẋ(∂L)/(∂ẋ)⎞⎠dt     partial integration of second part      = ⌠⌡δx⎛⎝(∂L)/(∂x) − (d)/(dt) (∂L)/(∂ẋ)⎞⎠dt     (δJ)/(δx) = (∂L)/(∂x) − (d)/(dt) (∂L)/(∂ẋ) = 0

Stationary condition δJ ⁄ δx = 0:

(∂L)/(∂x) − (d)/(dt) (∂L)/(∂ẋ) = 0

By replacing ∂_ẋL = p and F = ∂_xL, this is Newtons F = ṗ = ma. Note, F = ∂L ⁄ ∂x and p = ∂L ⁄ ∂ẋ = ∂τ ⁄ ∂x are by definition.

• We need to add a physical p and F separately to find L (Newton approach): e.g. p = mẋ or F = GmM ⁄ r²
• Or we need to add a physical L to get p and F (Lagrange approach): e.g. L = mẋ² ⁄ 2 − GmM ⁄ r = mṙ² ⁄ 2 + mr²φ̇² ⁄ 2 − GmM ⁄ r.

One cannot derive Newton's laws from the minimization of the action J. One cannot derive physics. One needs to observe.

L(x, ẋ) is transformed to H(p, x) via a Legendre transformation. H(p, x) considers the system as a whole, rather than the inflow or outflow of information from a component, as with L.

(dL)/(dt) = (d)/(dt)⎛⎝ẋ(∂L)/(∂ẋ)⎞⎠ + (∂L)/(∂t)   0 = (d)/(dt)⎛⎝ẋ(∂L)/(∂ẋ) − L⎞⎠ + (∂L)/(∂t)   H(x, p) = pẋ − L(x, ẋ(p, x))

∂I ⁄ ∂t =  − H is the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Information I is Hamilton's principal function.

Interactions have a constant rate unless the exchanged energy packets become of higher value. The cycling values of a variable from this level form the energy packet of the next higher level.

I = ∫dI = ∫Wdt is the full count of values, i.e. the full information of the system. W =  − H = ∂I ⁄ ∂t compares the system time steps dI to some other system's time t.

The Euler-Lagrange equation become the Hamilton equations.

(∂H)/(∂x) =  − (dp)/(dt)   (∂H)/(∂p) = (dx)/(dt)

F =  − ∂_xH is the reason for ∫Fds = W.

Without the external dt in the Hamilton equations, we have:

(∂I)/(∂x) = Δp   (∂I)/(∂p) = Δx

Or, integrating either of the two:

ΔI = ΔpΔx

Each dI change is represented by a phase space volume element ΔpΔx.

The information resolution of the physical world has a lower limit h.

ΔI = ΔpΔx ≥ h

Quantum mechanics realized that the ΔpΔx step is the time step: ∂ψ ⁄ ∂t = ∂²ψ ⁄ (∂p∂x). On the left side we have ∂t where on the right side we have ∂p∂x. The ψ is our information I.

The Schrödinger equation, and thus ΔI = ΔpΔx, is just an example. The Dirac equation has more observables falling into the same system time step.

The constant I is the information of the observed system. I represents a variable, which cycles, forming the geodesic of the curved component space of the system.

In the higher level I may be just one value, one time step, which by itself has no information and cannot be described.

Taking away values from the trajectory, e.g. reducing the radius in the hydrogen atom's electron orbital, creates a separate variable (a photon), i.e. a separate information packet to keep the total information constant.

Values do not Commute

dI is a time step and H compares it to some external time step dt. H(x, q) is the same for every time step, i.e. every component combination or point in the phase space. H corresponds to the h in the lowest level.

Hdt = dI = (∂I)/(∂p)dp + (∂I)/(∂x)dx = xdp − pdx ≥ h   ΔxΔp ≥ ħ ⁄ 2

So the values of a variable do not commute, because they are one time, one causal chain, serial.

The values of different variables do commute, because they are independent, parallel, without correlation. If one would sum over some external time stretch T and divide by T, one would get 0: 1 ⁄ T∫(dτ ⁄ dt)dt → 0. dτ would count any possible combined change of independent variables. dt would be of arbitrary size and would make T = ∫dt arbitrarily large, since there is no cycling.

Topology

A variable implies time, which implies processing. Two variables have two time, i.e. parallel processing. A variable by itself is sequential, i.e. causal, meaning the values of a variable form a sequence.

Serialization of variables, makes the variable to a value of a higher level variable.

Higher level variables are a mix of serial and parallel processing of lower level variables of varying size. The more or less independent times of the variables, i.e. the information encapsulations, account for all the topologies of our universe.

All the topology is constructed by parallel vs serial in levels starting from the elementary h.

Since information is time already, the universe evolves via information alone.

The timing of a higher level variable is the result of the topology of variables it builds upon. On the lowest level the rate is constant and given by h. All serial interactions summed over the layers cannot exceed h.

Fast higher level interactions slow down the lower level interactions. For example,

• in high gravity lower level clocks tick slower or
• if S changes fast in a thermodynamic ST we cannot reach equilibrium, which keeps T based exchange slow
• if humans interact a lot the thinking in the mind becomes slower due to the distraction

W is has an intrinsic uncertainty that defines a level.

With fixed W, large variables (with many values) cycle slowly. A higher level variable can become faster by making the lower variables of smaller size (W² = p²c² + m²c⁴) or parallel.

Within a level the interactions (W) are highest if lower variables are of same W, i.e. synchronized.

If interacting parallel variables do not cycle with same W, there is a distribution of information until in equilibrium. The distribution of information is also called entropy maximization.

More parallel variables increase the information throughput. Energy in higher levels thus compares the degree of parallelization. This is a generalization of the thermodynamic W = ST.

The inertia (mass) of a larger system is due to the time needed to change or synchronize lower variables. It takes information flow and that takes time.

Quantum Units

For W = I ⁄ t, all the variables that can work as external t are information, too. The lowest quantum h is therefore also a time quantum.

Δt_min = h

c = dx ⁄ dt with constant c and minimum time h, makes the minimum space quantum to

x_min = ch

Energy compares two times and its minimum is thus W = h ⁄ h = 1 in the lowest level. mc² = hν = 1 produces m = 1 ⁄ c². Setting the maximum coordinate speed to c = 1 makes the minimum mass m = 1.

E_min = 1   m_min = 1

Number values:

import scipy.constants as sc
c = sc.c # 299792458.0
h = sc.h # 6.62607015e-34
t = h
x = ch = sc.c*sc.h # 1.9864458571489286e-25

It makes sense to set h = 1 and c = 1:

Then the minimal values are

c = 1   h = 1   t = 1   x = ch = 1   W = m = 1

One can continue like that for other quantities, like electrodynamic E and B.